The typical IEHs are nanogenerators, biofuel cells, electromagnetic generators, and transcutaneous energy harvesting devices that are based on ultrasonic or optical energy.
Implantable energy storage devices have been widely studied as critical components for energy supply. However, conventional batteries' shape, safety and properties restrict their application in these devices. Batteries with flexibility, biocompatibility, and biodegradability are conducive to matching the body tissue.
What is the design strategy for implantable energy storage devices?
The material strategy and architectural design of the next-generation implantable energy storage device are discussed, including the selection principle of electrolytes, the all-in-one structure design strategy, and the way to realize self-charging.
Are batteries a good choice for implantable devices?
Compared with other energy storage and harvesting devices and wireless charging methods, batteries provide high energy density and stable power output, making them the preferred choice for many implantable applications.
Why do we need energy storage devices?
Conventional power sources are bulky, inflexible, and potentially contain materials that are dangerous to the body. Meanwhile, human tissues are soft, flexible, dynamic, and closed, which puts new requirements on energy storage devices to improve the safety, stability, and matching of implantable batteries or supercapacitors.
Are energy storage devices durable?
Most wearable and biomedical devices are used for long periods and require multiple instances of power supply. Thus, the durability of energy storage devices is considered to be a key parameter for both skin-patchable and implantable applications.
Are implantable energy storage devices biocompatible?
To date, most research into implantable energy storage devices focuses on the biocompatibility of the electrode material through in-vitro cytotoxicity assay or in-depth inflammation analysis.