On the power supply side, the focus is on large-scale base energy storage, integration with new energy sources, and support for coal-fired power plants. Solar and wind's variability creates a $9 billion annual challenge for grid operators worldwide. In 2025, 108 GW of new battery storage capacity was deployed worldwide, 40% more than in 2024. Lithium‑iron phosphate (LFP) batteries now account for around 90% of deployments;. Grid-scale storage plays an important role in the Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario, providing important system services that range from short-term balancing and operating reserves, ancillary services for grid stability and deferment of investment in new transmission and distribution lines, to. Energy-storage technologies have rapidly developed under the impetus of carbon-neutrality goals, gradually becoming a crucial support for driving the energy transition. This paper systematically reviews the basic principles and research progress of current mainstream energy-storage technologies. China aims to add more than 100 GW of new energy storage (primarily battery storage, excluding pumped hydro) by 2027, according to a new action plan presented by authorities on Friday.
